During which phase might a go-around be initiated most often?

A go-around is most frequently initiated during the final approach phase of flight. This phase is critical as the aircraft is aligning for landing, and multiple factors can lead to a decision to perform a go-around.

During final approach, the pilot is focused on aligning the aircraft with the runway and managing the descent rate, while also monitoring the environment for other aircraft or obstacles. Various issues such as an unstable approach, poor weather conditions, or an unexpected obstruction can prompt a pilot to decide that it's safer to abort the landing and perform a go-around. This maneuver allows the pilot to safely reposition the aircraft in a controlled manner rather than risking a landing that may not be executed successfully.

In contrast, during the takeoff phase, the aircraft is not as close to the ground as during final approach, and options might differ. In cruise flight, the aircraft is typically stabilized and often too far from landing to invoke a go-around. Climb-out, while critical, occurs after the aircraft has already left the ground and often involves different considerations than those present during final approach. Thus, final approach is the phase where conditions more frequently dictate a need for a go-around, making it the correct choice.