What is meant by "ground effect" during aircraft takeoff?

"Ground effect" refers to the phenomenon where an aircraft experiences enhanced lift and reduced drag when flying close to the ground. This occurs because the presence of the ground alters the airflow around the wings. As an aircraft approaches the ground, the air pressure beneath the wings increases, which leads to a improvement in lift. Simultaneously, drag is decreased because the interference of the ground helps to reduce the turbulence that normally occurs at higher altitudes. This effect can be particularly beneficial during the takeoff and landing phases, allowing pilots to operate more efficiently.

In the context of aircraft takeoff, ground effect can help an aircraft to become airborne at a lower speed and with less thrust, thus contributing to a safer and more effective takeoff procedure. Understanding ground effect is crucial for pilots, particularly when calculating takeoff distances and speeds, as well as during landing approaches.