The primary function of the rudder on an aircraft is to control yaw, which refers to the left and right movement of the aircraft's nose. The rudder is a vertical control surface located on the tail, and it works by redirecting the airflow when the pilot pushes the rudder pedals. This action causes the aircraft to turn toward the left or the right, depending on which way the rudder is deflected.
Yaw control is crucial during various phases of flight, especially during turns and when compensating for crosswinds during takeoff or landing. The correct operation of the rudder allows pilots to maintain a coordinated flight, ensuring that the aircraft doesn't skid or slip. This is essential for safe and efficient flying.
In contrast, controlling pitch, which is the movement around the lateral axis, is achieved through the elevator control surfaces, not the rudder. Speed is influenced by throttle and other aerodynamic factors, while stabilizing the tail is not the primary role of the rudder, although it indirectly contributes to overall aircraft stability during lateral movements.