What is the primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps are a crucial aerodynamic feature on an aircraft, primarily designed to enhance lift at lower speeds, especially during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. When the flaps are extended, they increase the surface area of the wing and change its shape, which allows the wing to generate more lift at a lower airspeed. This capability is particularly important during takeoff and landing when the aircraft is flying at relatively slow speeds.

As the flaps increase lift, they also allow for a steeper angle of attack without causing the wing to stall, which is essential for safely handling the airplane in a low-speed regime. This feature effectively enables the aircraft to take off and land on shorter runways and provides better control over the aircraft as it approaches the ground.

While other components of the aircraft may relate to drag reduction, stability, or engine output, the specific role of flaps directly ties into improving lift during those key operational moments where speed is low.