What was the first short-haul jet aircraft?

The Caravelle II is recognized as the first short-haul jet aircraft, which was developed by Sud Aviation in France and entered service in the late 1950s. It was significant for its innovative design, featuring a rear-mounted engine configuration that allowed for a quieter cabin environment and improved aerodynamics. The Caravelle's introduction marked a pivotal moment in aviation history as it offered airlines a jet-powered option for regional travel, enhancing operational efficiency and passenger comfort.

While the other aircraft listed also played important roles in commercial aviation, none were the pioneers in short-haul jet travel like the Caravelle. The Boeing 727, known for its versatility in regional and short-haul routes, came later and was a significant advancement but built upon the innovations introduced by the Caravelle. Similarly, the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and the Fokker F28 contributed to the market after the Caravelle and were part of the evolution of regional jet technology rather than its inception.